CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Conditional 1

(present/future – possible)

•          When something is possible now or in the future

•          Form:

 If  +  (simple present) + (simple future)

           ( S  + V1  +  P ) + (S + WILL/SHALL + V1 + O )

Note :

→  “ Will “    to I,SHE,YOU,WE,THEY,HE

→  “ Shall “   to I, WE

Example :

If she studies, she will pass the geography test.

(It is possible !!)

UNLESS

•          Unless = if not

•          Example:

   If we don’t finish soon, we will miss the train.

  Unless we finish soon, we will miss the train.

  Temporals

•          Temporals are time expressions.

       Examples: before, until, after, by the time, etc.

•          When they refer to the future, they are like Conditional I: Temporal (present), will V.

 Examples:

•Until he arrives, I will read a book.

•They will make a cake before they  go. 

Conditional II

                (present/future – impossible)

•          When something is NOT possible now, or in the future.

•          Form:

                If +  (simple past) + would V.

                If  +        (S + V2[was/were] + O +Time phrase)

             Example:

       →  Fact:

“I can sing english song, I lear it everyday’’ [positive]

• “If  I didn’t lear english song everyday, I can’t sing english song”.[negative]

Special Rule“To be” is always “were”

1.“To be” is always “were”

                Example:

                   ◊ (Fact: He’s not here, so it’s impossible.)

                   “If he were here, he would do it”

2. You can drop the “if” by moving the “were” to the front.

                 Example:

                    “Were he here, he would do it”

                wish + (simple past)

•          Unlike a hope (which is possible), a wish usually will not come true. In general, you wish for a miracle, something that is impossible.

Examples:

                                •I wish I were in Costa Rica.(I’m not there.)

                                •He wishes he spoke Chinese.(He doesn’t.)

                 

                  would rather

•          “Would rather” is like Conditional II, wishing for something that is probably impossible.

•          Form: Subject 1 would rather subject 2 (past).

  Example:

◊(Fact: He probably won’t.)

“ would rather he came right now”.

    would rather = I ‘d rather

                  Example: I’d rather he came right now

Conditional III

(simple past – impossible)

•          “Making believe” about the past, assuming something that wasn’t true

•          Form:

   If had V3rd, then would have V3rd.

•          Example:

  If we had studied, we would have passed the exam. (Fact: We didn’t study and we didn’t pass the exam.)

Where does the ‘not’ go?

•          If the girl had not looked both ways when she crossed the street, a car would have hit her. (Fact: She did look both ways, so a car did not hit her.)

•          If the boys had practiced more, they would not have lost the game. (Fact: They did not practice enough, so they lost the game.)

Special Rules for Conditional III

•          You can drop the “if” by moving the “had” to the front.

•          Example:

 If he had been there, we would have done it.

 Had he been there, we would have done it.

Remember !!

The four words that NEVER (well, almost never) appear in the IF clause are:

  will, won’t, would, wouldn’t

IF and THEN

IF and THEN Clauses

•          Conditional sentences have at least two clauses: IF clauses and THEN clauses.

•          Examples:

If I go into town tomorrow, then I will see a movie.

If he spoke Chinese, then he would work as a guide in China.

If they had been faster, then they would have won the race.

         

         IF Clauses (the condition)

•          IF clauses present the condition.

•          Examples:

If I go into town tomorrow…

If he spoke Chinese…

If they had been faster…

                   

                                         THEN Clauses (the results)

•          THEN clauses present the results.

•          Examples:

 … then I will see a movie.

…. then he would work as a guide in China.

 … then they would have won the race.

      IF and THEN Clauses

•        The word “then” is optional, but the clause is still the result of the condition. So it is a “THEN” clause, without the word “then.”

•          There are special rules for leaving out the word “if”. We will learn them later.

Remember:

•          The four words that NEVER (well, almost never) appear in the IF clause are:

   will, won’t, would, wouldn’t

•          Example:

If  we will see it, we will be angry.

CONTOH PIDATO ~ (EXAMPLE OF SPEECH)

PENTINGNYA PENDIDIKAN (THE IMPRTANCE OF EDUCATION)

Assalamualaikum Wr. Wb.

Praise be to Allah, the lord who taught science to man with the pen and taught the man what he knew not. I bear testimony that there is no god except Allah SWT, who has no partner and prophet Muhammad is his messenger, as the prophet of Arab and other nation all over the word.

Excellency all of the committee of English speech contest.

Honorable all of the judge.

Dear happy brothers and sisters,

Ladies and gentlemen.

First of all, let’s thank and pray unto our god ( Allah SWT ) who has been giving us some mercies and blessings so we can attend and gather in this meeting without any troubles and obstacles.

Secoundly, may sholawat and Salam always be given to our prophet Muhammad SAW who has guided us from the darkness to the lightness, from the stupidity to the cleverness, from the jahilliyah to the islamiyah namely Islamic religion, the truest religion in this world till here after.

Ladies and gentlemen,

So brothers and sisters.

In this good opportunity, I would like to deliver my speech by the title “ THE IMPRTANCE OF EDUCATION”.

As we know that education is very important for our life. Why we think about that ??? Because, education is the way that can guide the human being a good person, either in the world or in here after. By education, human will understand about their task. We must be aware that studying science is not only the obligation of the youth, but it’s also the obligation of old generation. If we want to studying about science, we can study in anywhere. Not only at school or at formal educational institutes, but also the other places that can be used to add our knowledge.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Considering the importance of education in the life of human being, so our prophet Muhammad SAW has decreed :

“ The man asking to Rasulullah SAW. What is the most honorable deed, the honorable Rosulullah??? So Rasulullah answered, “ PPURSUING KNOWLADGE ” and then the man asks again and again ( for the second questions and the third one). So Rasulullah answered “ Allah will not accept the result of deed without except based on the science ”.

Ladies and gentlemen,

This decree of prophet Muhammad SAW is motivation for Muslim that pursuing knowledge science and theology, because the relation of science and theology is very close – connected, they can’t be separated. As proverb says :

“ Life will be blind if without science and theology, life will be lame “.

Ladies and gentlemen,

If someone is only industriously studying theology without giving a little chance to study science. So, theology is not enough to bring someone to be successful in their life. Because, they don’t know the effects of them that are running down this world as Global Warming. They are not easily influenced by the negative effects of current of modern technology as like internet abuse. Because education is doesn’t always create the positive effect to man. It depends on the one who own it. However the science which is based on the norms or religion will bear blessing and the religion supported by the science will progress and develop.

Ladies and gentlemen,

Think we have known that almost all science books have been written in English, don’t we? And by mastering English well we can exchange information with other countries about the things which closely connected with education. So, as the student, we must study and master it for facing the globalization era.

Ladies and gentlemen,

From that statement, we can take the conclusion that studying theology and science is obligated to Muslims who need it. So, education is quite important because there are may function for our future.

Ladies and gentlemen,

That’s all my speech. Hopefully it will be useful forour life in this world and here after. I apologize to you for my mistake. The last I say

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.